document.write('<div id="qm2" class="qmmc"><span class="qmdivider qmdividerx" ></span><a href="javascript:void(0);"><strong>Issue index</strong></a><span class="qmdivider qmdividerx" ></span><span class="qmtitle" >LAW AND POLITICS</span><a href="javascript:void(0)">Political Science</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >What is it?</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/political-science-what-is-it">Not its own science</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/course-introduction-how-i-approach-polit" title="clip from class lecture">Other people\'s sciences</a><span class="qmtitle" >Potential Problems?</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/political-science-failure-to-cumulate-kn">Failure to cumulate knowledge?</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/2008/5/18/on-the-problems-of-political-science-and-the-nonsense-of-qua.html">Failure to generate rigid designators</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/judicial-politics-the-journals-magazine">"Magazine knowledge"</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/political-science-why-dont-we-brief-empi">Why not brief empirical studies?</a><span class="qmtitle" >How To Teach It</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/course-introduction-how-i-approach-polit" title="(use history and philosophy to develop the subject matter \'political science\' is not its own \'science\')">Using History and Philosophy</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/conlaw1/category/course-introduction-teaching-philosophy" title="My Teaching Approach in the Class -- Developmentalism, Philosophy, but Never Law for its Own Sake">Never law for its own sake</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0);">Judicial Politics</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >Philosophizing About</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/judicial-politics-do-justices-vote" title="notes in wittgensteinian format">Do justices "vote?"</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/judicial-politics-what-is-policy-prefere" title="notes in wittgensteinian format">What is "policy preference?"</a><span class="qmtitle" >Contrived Framework</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/philosophy-of-law-what-political-science">What political science says about jurisprudence</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/2008/5/18/on-the-problems-of-political-science-and-the-nonsense-of-qua.html" title="See preface to my 2008 Chicago paper">Social-club bias and "perspective science"</a><span class="qmtitle" >Failure as "Science"</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/2008/5/18/on-the-problems-of-political-science-and-the-nonsense-of-qua.html" title="See the first set of propositions in what is the equivalent of chapter 1 of my 2008 Chicago paper">Failure to generate rigid designators</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/2008/5/18/on-the-problems-of-political-science-and-the-nonsense-of-qua.html" title="xx">Nonsense of Quantitative Ideology Models</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/political-science-quantitative-methods-p">Quantitative work in law schools</a><span class="qmtitle" >How To Teach It</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/conlaw1/category/course-introduction-teaching-philosophy" title="My Teaching Approach in the Class -- Developmentalism, Philosophy, but Never Law for its Own Sake">Never law for its own sake</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/course-information-teaching-approach-phi" title="How I will Teach This Subject -- Philosophy, Not Social Science or Legal Culture, is King.">Transcending the "social-club" perspective</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Attitudinal Model</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >How Do You Want to Search?</span><a href="javascript:void(0)">Use These Neat Menus</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >What Do You Want To Know?</span><a href="javascript:void(0)">Supreme Court Data Set</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >Introduction</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/behavorism-the-docket-liberal-ratings-is" title="An Examination of the Court\'s Docket, The Definition of a \'Liberal Vote,\' and The Justices Career \'Liberal Ratings\'">Dockets, Ratings &amp; issues</a><span class="qmtitle" >Career Liberal Ratings</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/behaviorism-liberal-ratings-for-differen" title="An Examination of Career Liberal Ratings for Justices Across Different Issue Areas">For different subject areas</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/behaviorism-liberal-ratings-problems-wit" title="What Are the Problems With These \'Liberal Ratings\' and Is it Bad For a Justice to Have an Extreme Score?">Problems with, significance of</a><span class="qmtitle" >Newspaper Reputation Scores</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/behaviorism-segalcover-scores" title="A Look at Segal/Cover Scores and Their Problems">Segal/Cover scores</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Theory and Philosophy</a><div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/judicial-politics-attitudinal-model-lang" title="This is just me blogging about the subject">Attitudinal theory is a language game</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/judicial-politics-attitudinalism-cogniti" title="email group discussion">Attitudinalism, cognition and trial courts</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/judicial-politics-attitudinal-model-conf" title="email group discussion">Attitudinal theory is confused</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Models and Methods</a><div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/judicial-politics-attitudinal-model-hist" title="recalls the strange fascination political scientists had with bivariate ecological regression models in the 1990s and beyond">The history of bivariate regression</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/judicial-politics-attitudinal-model-so-c" title="demonstrates problems with the thinking that forms the basis of this model">The so-called "case facts model"</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/judicial-politics-ecological-inference-i" title="Looking at why ecological inference can be tricky">Ecological inference in ideology models</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/judicial-politics-ecological-v-logit-lib" title="Comparing model predictions">Ecological v. logit</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Relationship Between scores and "votes"</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >The True Relationship Between These Variables</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/behavorism-newspaper-reputation-models" title="The Relationship Between Newspaper Scales and Career Liberal Ratings -- A Whole Lot of Nothing?">The newspaper-reputation model</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/judicial-politics-attitudinal-model-the" title="empiricism without the exaggerated results">The true relationship between scores and "votes"</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/judicial-politics-ideology-models-affect" title="this one shows that it only takes 12.5% of the \'votes\' to produce the explained variance in the R-squared of an ecological model">Ideology models affect only 12.5% of the votes since 1948</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/judicial-politics-attitudinal-model-if-s" title="what the model would look like if newspaper-reputation scores were perfectly accurate in a hypothetical world">What if Segal/Cover scores were perfect?</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/judicial-politics-attitudinal-model-what" title="what \'voting\' would look like if justices really followed their reputation scores">What if justices really voted that way?</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/judicial-politics-why-ideology-models-fa">Why ideology models fail (too many centrists)</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/judicial-politics-segalcover-scores-what" title="This is a bit dated. My thoughts have moved beyond this. See my recent SSRN paper.">What are Segal/Cover scores measuring anyway?</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/judicial-politics-segalcover-scores-stat" title="fooling around with some data back in the day when I was doing that">Segal/cover scores statistically insignificant for some years</a></div></div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/attitudinal-model/" title="Web journal that integrates all other web resources -- my blog, lectures, dictation, slides, links, etc., -- for this particular topic. A repository is where I throw everything I have about this subject into its own journal. These things are new, so give them time to grow.">Go to repository journal</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/arcattitudinal-model/">Go to repository archive</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Ideology</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >A Troubling Idea</span><a href="javascript:void(0);">What is it?</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >Introduction</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/ideology-what-is-it-class-discussion" title="Class Discussion -- What is \'Ideology?\'">Class discussion: what is it?</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/ideology-unit-of-analysis" title="When You Use The Word ">Selecting a unit of analysis</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/ideology-what-it-means" title="Ideology -- What Does it Mean and Why is There All the Confusion?">What "ideology" means</a><span class="qmtitle" >Subject Matter of Beliefs?</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/ideology-as-a-belief-lexicography-of-exe" title="Summary: Ideology as a Belief Lexicography of Exemplar Subjects in American Politics">Lexicography of exemplar subjects in politics</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/ideology-lexicographic-typology-of-exemp" title="Ideology as a Lexicographic Typology of Beliefs About Exemplar Subjects in American Politics">Lexicographic typology of exemplars in politics</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/ideology-typology-and-atmospheric-postul" title="Class Discussion: Are Your Views on Religion, Epistemology, Ethics or Human Nature Your \'Ideology?\'">Discussion: "atmospheric" postulates</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/ideology-typology-and-non-exemplars" title="The Supreme Court Often Decides Non-Exemplars -- What Do You Do With That Problem?">The Court decides non-exemplars?</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/ideology-judges-and-lexicographic-typolo" title="Class Discussion: Is It Bad For Justices to Have \'Ideology Scores\' -- Especially Where That Only Means Having Opinions on Exemplar Subjects in American Politics?">Discussion: what if judges have high scores?</a><span class="qmtitle" >Justification for Beliefs?</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/ideology-as-criticismobservation-of-epis" title="Ideology as Criticism of, or Observation About, Epistemology">Criticism/observation of epistemology</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/ideology-epistemology-unit-of-analysis" title="Class Discussion: Pragmatism, Ideology, Philosophy and Epistemology -- What\'s the Difference?">Discussion: when epistemology is the unit of analysis</a><span class="qmtitle" >Application of Beliefs?</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/ideology-casuistry-brief-introduction" title="A Brief Introduction to Casuistry">Intro to casuistry</a><span class="qmtitle" >Underlying Motivation (Passions)?</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/ideology-as-deficient-psychology-as-bias" title="Ideology as Deficient Psychology (Ideology as Bias)">Deficient brain state (bias)</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/ideology-attitudes-and-cognition" title="Ideology as Attitudes Within a Deficient Cognitive Path (Ideology as Pathology)">Attitudes and cognition</a><span class="qmtitle" >Social Consequences of Beliefs?</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/ideology-as-rationalizing-clients" title="deology as Rationalizing Clients in the Political Culture">Rationalizing clients</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0);">How is the idea deployed?</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >Which People Use it?</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/ideology-rush-limbaugh" title="Is Rush Limbaugh \'Using Ideology\' in This Example?">Rush Limbaugh?</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/ideology-spock-and-david-gergan" title="Is Spock and David Gergan Using Ideology In These Examples?">Spock and David Gergan?</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/ideology-pat-buchanan" title="Is Pat Buchanan Using \'Ideology\' in These Examples?">Pat Buchanan?</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/ideology-boils-down-to-art-appreciation" title="In All of These Examples, What Does it Mean to \'Follow Ideology\' Anyway? Isn\'t This Really a Kind of Art Appreciation?">Boils down to art appreciation?</a><span class="qmtitle" >A Meaningless Idea?</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/ideology-follownot-follow-is-meaningless" title="To Follow or Not to Follow Ideology -- Is the Question False to Begin With?">Follow/not follow is meaningless?</a></div><span class="qmtitle" >Related Ideas</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/philosophy-of-bias-is-ideology-a-behavio">Is "ideology" a behavior?</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/philosophy-of-bias-values-versus-princip">Difference between values and principles</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/philosophy-of-bias-what-is-politically-c">What is "politically correct?"</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Regime Theory</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >What Is It?</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/behaviorism-regime-theory" title="An Explanation of Regime Theory -- The Right of Political Generations to Stamp the Court. Is the Politics of Law a Discreet Policy Phenomenon?">Intro to regime theory</a><span class="qmtitle" >Is It True?</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/behaviorism-regime-theory-career-ratings" title="Regime Theory -- What Support Might Be Found For it Using Career \'Liberal Ratings?\'">According to career ratings?</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/behaviorism-regime-theory-search-and-sei" title="The Best Quantitative Evidence for Regime Theory? An Examination of Search and Seizure Data">Specific issue: search-and-seizure</a><span class="qmtitle" >Is It Bad?</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/behaviorism-regime-theory-ethics-of" title="Regime Theory -- Is There Anything Wrong With It? Do Justices Misbehave When They Etch Generational Concerns Into Law?">The ethics of regime theory</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Strategic Choice</a><div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/behaviorism-game-theory" title="An Introduction to Game Theory and How it Might Apply to Supreme Court Decision Making">What is it?</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/behaviorism-game-theory-example-street-v" title="Street v. New York -- Flag Politics, Game Theory and Strange Bedfellows">Example: Street v. New York</a></div><span class="qmtitle" >JURISPRUDENCE</span><a href="javascript:void(0)">Skepticism</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >What Is It?</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/skepticism-introduction" title="Introduction to Skepticism -- The Philosophy of Anti-Foundationalism">Introduction to deconstruction</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/skepticism-teaching-tool-v-orthodoxy" title="Skepticism as a Teaching Tool Versus as an Orthodoxy">As a teaching tool v. orthodoxy</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/skepticism-approach-to-law" title="Skepticism\'s Approach to Legality -- There Is No Law; There is Only Power">What it does to "law"</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/skepticism-vocabulary" title="Mastering Skepticism\'s Vocabulary (Hegemony, Construction, Impulse, Etc.)">Learning the "buzz words"</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/skepticism-two-grammars-of-epistemology" title="Language Wars -- On The Two Grammars of Epistemology">Word pairs for world views?</a><span class="qmtitle" >Applications of</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/skepticism-external-v-internal" title="Two Kinds of Arguments: External Versus Internal Skepticism">Two kinds: external v. internal</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/skepticism-argument-from-hallucination" title="The Argument From Hallucination: Is The External World ">Argument from hallucination</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/skepticism-fundamental-contradiction-dun" title="\'The Fundamental Contradiction\'(a.k.a. The Duncan Kennedy Fallacy)">"Fundamental contradiction" (Duncan Kennedy fallacy)</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Positivism</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >What Do You Want To Know?</span><a href="javascript:void(0)">What Is It?</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >In Contrast With "Natural Law"</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-and-natural-law-clarifying-th" title="Clarifying the ideas of Postivism and \'Natural Law\'">Difference between the two</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/2008/2/8/05c-the-basis-of-legality-summary-and-review.html" title="The Basis of Legality: Summary and Review">The difference in historical context</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/philosophy-of-law-positivism-and-natural" title="email group discussion">Historical development of positivism</a><span class="qmtitle" >A Definition</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-introduction-definition-of" title="Introduction to Positivism -- Law as the \'Cold, Naked Words.\'">Introduction to; definition of</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/2008/3/2/13c-review-of-previous-lecture-what-positivism-is-how-it-cam.html" title="Review of Previous Lecture: What Positivism Is, How it Came About, its Relationship to State-Building and Implications for Culture, Judging and Society">Summary of positivism</a><span class="qmtitle" >Significance Of</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-morality-as-rule-following-no" title="The Implications of Positivism: No International Law, and Social Morality is Rule Following?">Implications for morality, international law</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-judging-is-reading" title="The Implications of Positivism For Judging: Replace the Solomon and Hercules With a Glorified Librarian?">judging is reading?</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Why Did It Develop?</a><div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-historical-development-regime" title="Positivism as a Modern Regime Ideology -- Why it Developed in American Legal Culture">Development into a regime ideology</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Examples Of</a><div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-the-tom-brady-fumble" title="Positivism in Football, Too? The Case of the Tom Brady Fumble">The Tom Brady fumble</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-riggs-v-palmer-class-discussi" title="Riggs v. Palmer -- Class Discussion: Who Should Win the Case and What Are Judges Supposed to Do?">Riggs v. Palmer (class discussion)</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-riggs-v-palmer-the-decision" title="Riggs v. Palmer -- The Decision.">Riggs v. Palmer (the decision)</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-neal-v-united-states-federal" title="Neal v. United States -- An Introduction to the Federal Sentencing Guidelines">Neal v. US (sentencing guidelines)</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-neal-v-united-states-weight-o" title="Neal v. United States -- the Weight of the Drugs">Neal v. US (weight of the drugs)</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-neal-v-united-states-class-di" title="Neal v. United States -- Class Discussion: Should You Follow Law SOLELY For Law\'s Sake?">Neal v. US (discussion: why follow stupid laws?)</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-neal-v-us-the-decision" title="Neal v. United States: The Rest of the Story: Amended Guidelines, a Stupid Statute and a Court That Says It Can Only Read.">Neal v. US (the idiot\'s decision)</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Critique Of</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >It is Mindless?</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-excess-legalism" title="Positivistic Culture -- Is There Too Much Legalism? Can There Be Too Much Positive Law?">Excess legalism in culture?</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-problems-with-it-approach-to" title="The Problems With Positivistic Judging: Discretion Can Be Good, Rules and Neutrality Are Not Synonymous, and Legislatures Have Their Work Either Way.">Problems with this approach to judging</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/2008/4/13/14c-review-of-previous-lecture-why-follow-bad-rules.html" title="Review of Previous Lecture: Why Follow Bad Rules?">Summary: why follow bad rules?</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">What if Law is Indeterminate?</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >The Indeterminacy Problem</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/2008/4/13/14d-did-positivism-lie-are-there-really-rules-that-we-can-fo.html" title="Did Positivism Lie? Are There Really Rules That We Can Follow? Aren\'t Most Important Rules Uncertain?">Aren\'t most legal rules unclear?</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/2008/4/13/14e-a-theory-of-language-indeterminacy-and-positivisms-solut.html" title="A Theory of Language Indeterminacy and Positivism\'s Solution For It">Solutions for Unclear language</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/2008/4/13/15c-review-of-previous-lecture-how-positivism-finds-meaning.html" title="Review of Previous Lecture -- How Positivism Finds Meaning When Text is Indeterminate">Positivism\'s solutions for indeterminacy</a><span class="qmtitle" >Positivism\'s Solutions For It</span><a href="javascript:void(0);">Originalism</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >What Is It?</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-originalism-v-neo-originalism" title="Originalism v. Neo-Originalism; Intentions Versus Semantic Culture">Originalism v. neo-originalism</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-originalism-speakers-meaning" title="Originalism and Speaker\'s Meaning -- Finding the Intention of the Assembly">Original intent (speaker\'s meaning)</a><span class="qmtitle" >Problems With</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-originalism-problems-with-spe" title="The Problems With Speaker\'s Meaning: Do Political Assemblies Have Meaningful Intentions, and How Would This Be Known?">Failings of Speaker\'s Meaning)</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-analytic-originalisms-central" title="Originalism\'s Flaw: Law is Not Intention; It is the Textual Meaning That Passes the Democratic Ritual">"Law" is not your intentions</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0);">"Analytic" Positivism</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >What Is It?</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-analytic-canonical-jurisprude" title="Analytic Positivism\'s Solution -- Word Analysis and Canonical Jurisprudence">Using rules to read for you</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-analytic-a-reading-machine" title="Introduction to Analytic Positivism: The Creation of a Canonical Reading Machine and Its Ideological Significance?">A judicial reading machine?</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-analytic-only-a-philosophic-e" title="Caution: ">Caution: this only a philosophic exercise</a><span class="qmtitle" >The Canons of Construction</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-analytic-rules-of-reading" title="Canonical Jurisprudence -- Inventing Rules That Tell The Judge How to Read Indeterminate Sentences">Rules of reading</a><span class="qmtitle" >Supporting Literal Semantics</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-analytic-literal-semantics" title="The Relationship of Canonical Jurisprudence to Literal Semantics">Reading canons support literalism</a><span class="qmtitle" >Supporting Equitable Results</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-analytic-canons-for-good-resu" title="The \'Counter Canons\' -- \'Rules\' for Reading Good Results?">Canons for good results</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-analytic-canonical-equity" title="Canonical Equity -- How Positivistic Legal Culture Behaves When it Wants to Avoid Positivism">Example of canonical \'realism\'</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0);">"Inductive" Positivism</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >What Is It?</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-inductive-finding-the-essence" title="Inductive Positivism: Finding The Essences and Great Principles of Words">Finding essences "behind" words</a><span class="qmtitle" >An Example</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-inductive-griswold-v-connecti" title="Griswold v. Connecticut -- Inductive (Kantian) Positivism in Action">Griswold v. Connecticut</a></div></div></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Originalism</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >Old School</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-originalism-v-neo-originalism" title="Originalism v. Neo-Originalism; Intentions Versus Semantic Culture">Originalism v. neo-originalism</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-originalism-speakers-meaning" title="Originalism and Speaker\'s Meaning -- Finding the Intention of the Assembly">Original intent (speaker\'s meaning)</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-originalism-problems-with-spe" title="The Problems With Speaker\'s Meaning: Do Political Assemblies Have Meaningful Intentions, and How Would This Be Known?">Failings of Speaker\'s Meaning</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/positivism-analytic-originalisms-central" title="Originalism\'s Flaw: Law is Not Intention; It is the Textual Meaning That Passes the Democratic Ritual">"Law" is not your intentions</a><span class="qmtitle" >Neo-originalism</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/philosophy-of-law-why-conservatives-shou" title="email group discussion">Why conservatives should fear original legal orthodoxy</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/philosophy-of-law-the-merits-of-neoorigi" title="email group discussion">The merits of Neo-originalism</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/philosophy-of-law-original-meaning-requi" title="email group discussion">Original meaning requires natural law and metaphysics</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/2008/7/1/why-an-originalist-cant-want-the-constitution-to-mean-what-p.html" title="email group discussion: Why an \'Originalist\' Can\'t Want the Constitution to Mean What Popular Expectations Were in 1787 American Culture">Why original public understandings are "unoriginal"</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">New Jurisprudence</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >Making Sense of Jurisprudence</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/jurisprudence-summary-of-basic-approache" title="A Summary of the Basic Approaches in Jurisprudence">Summary of basic approaches</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/philosophy-of-law-history-of-legal-justi" title="helps conceptualize whether judging has correct answers. There are four basic approaches here: classical determinism, progressive determinism, structuralism and skepticism">Does "law" have correct answers?</a><span class="qmtitle" >Relating Jurisprudence to Cognition</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/jurisprudence-ideation-kantian-influence" title="The First Cognitive Dimension: Ideation (The Kantian Influence on the Mind)">The "Kantian" influence on the mind)</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/jurisprudence-ostensible-verifiability" title="The Second Dimension of Cognition: Ostensible Verifiability (">Seeing is believing</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/jurisprudence-psychology-of-desire" title="The Third Cognitive Dimension: The Psychology of Desire">Desires are what rules</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/jurisprudence-three-dimensional-semantic" title="Finding All Three Cognitive Dimensions in Grammar: Three Dimensional Semantics is Always Better Than Two">Three dimensions to semantics?</a><span class="qmtitle" >New Implications for "Law"</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/jurisprudence-the-triangle-law-as-recipe" title="The Triangle -- Is Law a Cognitive Recipe?">"Law" is a cognitive recipe?</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/jurisprudence-schools-integrity-ideology" title="Jurisprudence, Schools of Thought and the Big Picture -- Law as Integrity Versus Law as \'Ideology\'">Integrity versus ideology?</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Structuralism</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >What Do You Want To Know?</span><a href="javascript:void(0)">What Is It?</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >Introduction and Definition</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/philosophy-of-law-history-of-legal-justi">A theory in jurisprudence</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/structuralism-introduction" title="An Introduction to Structuralism">Introduction to</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/structuralism-thinking-as-negating-deriv" title="Structuralism\'s Relationship to Karl Popper\'s Famous Contribution in Philosophy of Science -- Is Thinking Negating?">Thinking as negating (derived from Karl Popper)</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/structuralism-preliminary-thoughts-about" title="Wittgensteinian format">Preliminary thoughts about</a><span class="qmtitle" >Relating it to Cognition</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/structuralism-three-dimensions-of-brain" title="Structuralism and the Three Dimensions of Brain Cognition (the Triangle)">Three dimensions of brain cognition (triangle)</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/structuralism-fit-within-a-theory-of-cog" title="Judges and Their Brains -- How Structuralism Fits Within a Larger Theory About the Cognition of Judgment">Fit within a theory of cognition</a><span class="qmtitle" >Implications for "Law"</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/structuralism-implication-for-jurisprude" title="Structuralism\'s Implication for Jurisprudence and its Relationship to \'Neo-Institutionalism\' in Political Science">implication for jurisprudence, ties to neo-institutionalism</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Dworkin Is One</a><div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/structualism-dworkin-structured-discreti" title="Ronald Dworkin -- Structured Discretion and a Refined, Better Concept of \'Law\'">Dworkin: structured discretion and concept of law</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/structuralism-dworkin-chain-novels-integ" title="Ronald Dworkin -- \'correct\' legal answers, Hercules, Chain Novels, & Integrity">Dworkin: chain novels, integrity, hercules, correct answers</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">An Example Of</a><div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/structuralism-example-flag-burning-intro" title="Flag Politics and Texas v. Johnson -- an Introduction">Flag burning -- an introduction</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/2008/5/5/24f-flag-politics-smith-v-goguen-and-spence-v-washington-how.html" title="Flag Politics (Smith v. Goguen and Spence v. Washington) -- How Good Results Can Produce Bad Doctrine">Flag burning -- background cases</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/structuralism-example-flag-burning-scali" title="The Scalia/Kennedy View in Texas v. Johnson -- A Kantian Moment in the Brain?">Flag burning -- Scalia/Kennedy as principled</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/structuralism-example-flag-burning-rehnq" title="The Rehnquist Dissent in Texas v. Johnson -- A Pathological Moment in the Brain?">Flag burning -- Rehnquist dissent as value laden</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Evidence For</a><div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/judicial-politics-law-matters" title="was the intro do my dissertation. I was turning it into a book, but have since haulted this project">Law matters</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/structuralism-evidence-for-core-politica" title="Core Political Speech -- More evidence of How a Higher Legal Principle Can Transform Judicial Conclusions?">Core political speech</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lecture-archive/" title="(This is when I was interested in showing how the language of even something relatively vague like the Bill of Rights could structure how legal decisions might be made, even when no higher court or institution was present to directly police the legal decision makers. I\'m not currently interested in this anymore. I\'ve shelved the idea for something more important.)">How Legal Words Cognitively Structure Choice</a></div></div><span class="qmtitle" >PHILOSOPHY</span><a href="javascript:void(0)">The casuistry project</a><div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/casuistry-project-introduction" title="(this is a project that I am currently working on)">Introduction</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/casuistry-project-what-is-casuistry">What is "casuistry?"</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/casuistry-project-postulate-frame-and-ca">Postulate frame and the casuistry matrix</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/casuistry-project-relationship-between-f">Relationship between frame and matrix</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Language</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >In Law</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/2006/6/2/gradiency-in-legal-sentences.html">"Gradiency" in legal sentences</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/law-language-language-games-4th-amendmen">4th Amendment language games</a><span class="qmtitle" >In General</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/philosophy-of-language-modular-reference">A modular theory of reference</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/philosophy-of-language-modular-designati">A modular theory of designation</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">What is philosophy?</a><div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/philosophy-method-and-craft-compared-to" title="comparing how philosophy finds something versus how mathematics does">Compared to mathematics</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/philosophy-method-and-craft-nature-of" title="considering the nature of philosophy\'s craft">The nature of</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/philosophy-method-and-craft-picture-digg" title="thoughts about my own struggles with philosophizing">A picture of digging</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0);">Political Philosophy</a><div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/political-philosophy-what-is-it">What is it?</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0);">Richard Rorty</a><div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/philosophy-rorty-poor-abilities" title="Rorty has become some poster child for those who either don\'t have great philosophic abilities (pragmatists) or those acadmeics who desire a version of left wing skepticism that avoids some its rather moronic pitfalls in the 1980s. My thoughts on Rorty are what they are: he was not a very good philosopher">Rorty\'s poor abilities</a></div><span class="qmtitle" >EARLY HISTORY</span><a href="javascript:void(0);">American Colonial History</a><div><a href="javascript:void(0);">The Revolution\'s Idealism</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >Introduction</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/rights-lectures/03d-getting-perspective-the-american-revolution-in-theory-ve.html" title="Getting Perspective: The American Revolution in Theory Versus Fact">Two ways to intepret 1776</a><span class="qmtitle" >Revolutionary Idealism</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/rights-lectures/03g-the-enlightened-idealism-of-the-american-revolution.html" title="The Enlightened Idealism of the American Revolution">Ending artificial castes</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/rights-lectures/03h-ending-social-deference-in-the-new-republic.html" title="Ending Social Deference in the New Republic">Ending social deference</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/rights-lectures/03i-meritocracy-the-new-social-order-in-post-colonial-americ.html" title="Meritocracy: The New Social Order in Post-Colonial America?">Advancement by merit</a></div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/american-colonial-history-colonial-willi" title="the place has a nasty bias in favor of anti-federalism. It might even be thought of as a form of Virginian propaganda">Colonial Williamsburg is ideologically biased</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/american-colonial-history-democracy-and" title="(sent to an email group)">Don\'t apply democratic theory to the constitution</a></div><span class="qmtitle" >CONSTITUTION</span><a href="javascript:void(0);">Judicial Review</a><div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/conlaw1/category/judicial-review-marbury-v-madison-politi" title="Was Marbury the Product of Partisan Ideology or Was it a Herculean and Correct Exposition of the Law?">Was it politics or law?</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/conlaw1/category/supreme-court-judicial-review" title="The Ghost Debate: Arguments for and Against Judicial Review">Was it intended?</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/conlaw1/category/judicial-review-why-it-created-controver" title="Why Judicial Review Was Controversial -- the Cultural Confusion Produced by the Accident of American Constitutionalism">Why it created controversy</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0);">Constitutional Philosophy</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >What is \'Unconstitutional?\'</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/conlaw1/category/colonial-america-james-otis-constitution" title="What is ">James Otis &amp; "constitutionality"</a><span class="qmtitle" >Why the Constitution is Special</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/conlaw1/category/american-constitution-philosophic-signif" title="The Philosophic Significance of the American Constitution">Philosophic significance </a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/american-constitutionalism-privatizing-r" title="American Constitutionalism and the Removal of Religion From Government">"Privatizing" religion</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/american-constitutionalism-codification" title="American Constitutionalism and the Codification of Fundamental Law">Codification of fundamental law</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/american-constitutionalism-rationalizing" title="American Constitutionalism and the New Rationalization for the Statutory Power: \'Machine Makes Right\'">New rationalization for statutory power</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/american-constitutionalism-common-law-an" title="What American Constitutionalism Does to the Metaphysics of Common Law and How Bonham\'s Case Should Now Be Decided">Lowering the rank of common law</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/american-constitutionalism-judging-is-sp" title="American Constitutionalism: Legal Judging is Special and Distinct From Other Kinds of Policy Choice">Judging is "special"</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/american-constitutionalism-ninth-amendme" title="American Constitutionalism\'s Greatest Loophole: The Ninth Amendment">The big loophole: Ninth Amendment</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/conlaw1/category/american-constitution-how-democratic" title="How Democratic Was the New Republic?">But how democratic? </a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Commerce Clause</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >Introduction to the Problem</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/conlaw1/category/federal-power-introduction-to" title="Introduction to Part II of the Course: Teaching Federal Power Through The Idea of Regime Politics">Why it is problematic</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/conlaw1/category/federal-power-the-constitutions-words" title="The Fundamental Problem: What Does The Constitution Actually Allow Congress to Do?">"Simon says" Uncle Sam cannot do that</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/conlaw1/category/federal-power-conceptualizing-commerce" title="Conceptualizing the Commerce Problem -- What Exactly is \'Regulating Commerce?\'">What is "regulating commerce" anyway?</a><span class="qmtitle" >The Big Picture</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/conlaw1/category/federal-power-the-new-deal-commerce-clau" title="The Significance of New Deal Constitutionalism: Do We Have a Parliamentary System When it Comes to Federal Power?">Do we have a Parliamentary system now?</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/conlaw1/category/federal-power-the-big-picture" title="The Big Picture -- Is the Commerce Problem a Failure of Law or an Intelligent Innovation; and Do We Have a Parliamentary System in Place of Limited Government?">Is the commerce fiction good or bad?</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Constitutional Issues</a><div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/constitutional-law-suspension-clause-com" title="(sent to an email group)">The suspension/commerce clause &amp; liberal legal culture</a></div><span class="qmtitle" >TRIAL COURTS</span><a href="javascript:void(0)">Trials and "Truth"</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >Purpose: Legitimize Sanction</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/02d-trial-of-jesus-introduction.html" title="(provides basic background for the story of the trial of Jesus as told in portions of the synoptic gospels">Trial of Jesus (introduction)</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/02e-the-trial-of-jesus-showing-the-purpose-of-the-trial.html" title="The Trial of Jesus (showing the purpose of the trial)">Discussion: Why was Jesus tried?</a><span class="qmtitle" >Format: A Social Ritual</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/2007/9/10/02f-trial-of-jesus-trial-procedure.html" title="(discussing the method of Jesus\' trial -- inquisition -- and how this social ritual worked)">Jesus and trial by inquisition</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/02g-the-trial-as-ritual-witch-trials-grace-sherwood.html" title="(discussing trials by dunking and asking: why use this method?)">Salem witch trials (Grace Sherwood)</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/04f1-class-discussion-why-do-you-think-we-use-juries.html" title="Class Discussion: Why Do You Think We Use Juries?">Discussion: why do we use juries?</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/04f2-why-not-get-rid-of-the-jury-in-the-adversary-system.html" title="Why Not Get Rid of the Jury in the Adversary System?">Why not get rid of juries?</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/2007/9/15/04g-layperson-justice-why-juries-are-used-in-the-adversary-s.html" title="Layperson Justice: Why Juries Are Used in the Adversary System"></a><span class="qmtitle" >The Myth of "Getting Truth"</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/03d-does-the-attorneys-role-in-the-adversary-system-subvert-.html" title="Does the Attorney\'s Role in the Adversary System Subvert the Search for Truth?">Do attorneys pursue truth?</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/03e-do-civil-settlements-disclose-the-truth.html" title="Do Civil Settlements Disclose the Truth?">Do settlements disclose truth?</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/04h-jury-nullification.html" title="Jury Nullification">Does jury nullification get at the truth?</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/2007/9/14/03f-are-adversary-trials-designed-to-maximize-the-truth.html" title="Are Adversary Trials Designed to Maximize the Truth?">Is the goal of the trial really truth?</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/2007/9/15/04i-the-adversary-system-a-layperson-ritual-premised-upon-st.html" title="The Adversary System: A Layperson Ritual Premised Upon Structured Conflict.">Structured conflict, layperson justice</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Questioning Witnesses</a><div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/category/procedure-direct-examination-techniques" title="Techniques in Direct Examination">Direct Examination (Techniques)</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/category/procedure-cross-examination-good-techniq" title="The Witness as Parrot: Good Techniques of Cross Examination">Cross Examination (Good Technique)</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Legal Relevance</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >A Peculiar Rule</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/category/evidence-relevance-what-is-it-" title="What is Relevance?">Discussion: what is "relevance?"</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/category/evidence-relevance-basis-and-a" title="Basis and Anti-Basis: The Peculiar Structure of the Rule of Relevance">It has basis and "anti-basis"</a><span class="qmtitle" >An Example</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/category/evidence-relevance-photographs" title="Class Discussion: How Many Photos Does the Relevance Rule Require?">Discussion: how many photographs?</a><span class="qmtitle" >Is It Really A "Rule?"</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/category/trial-judging-the-illusion-of-" title="Photographic Evidence: How The Illusion of a Relevance Rule Sanctions Free Choice">The illusion of a "balancing rule"</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Trial Judging</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >Why Trial Judges Have Discretion</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/12d-why-trial-judges-have-so-much-discretion-examining-appel.html" title="Why Trial Judges Have So Much Discretion: Examining Appellate Standards of Review">Standards of appellate review</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/category/trial-judging-discretion-abuse" title="The Fiction of Law? Judging Under the Abuse of Discretion Standard">Abuse of discretion standard of review</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/category/trial-judging-discretion-clear" title="More Judicial Discretion: The Clearly Erroneous Standard of Review">Clearly erroneous standard of review</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/category/trial-judging-discretion-and-h" title="The Significance of \'Harmless Errors\' and of Trial Discretion">"Harmless error" rule</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/2007/10/21/13c-understanding-the-politics-of-trial-judging-standards-of.html" title="Understanding The Politics of Trial Judging: Standards of Review">Discretion, standards of appellate review</a><span class="qmtitle" >An Example of This Power</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/2007/10/21/13d-umpire-and-participant-understanding-how-review-standard.html" title="Umpire and Participant? Understanding How Review Standards Congifure Judging Choices">Understanding and applying the standards</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/2007/10/21/13e-lawlessness-versus-intelligent-design-the-harnessing-of-.html" title="Lawlessness Versus Intelligent Design: The Harnessing of Local Power Into the Judicial System">Consider this hypothetical</a><span class="qmtitle" >Is This Good or Bad?</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/2007/12/3/14c-trial-judging-summarizing-discretion-and-conceptualizing.html" title="Trial Judging: Summarizing Discretion and Conceptualizing Legality">Discretion is "local power"</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/category/trial-judging-discretion-v-law" title="If Trial Judge Has Discretion, Does that Mean that \'Law\' Fails? (Answer: It Depends)">Does it cheat "law"</a></div><span class="qmtitle" >LITIGATION</span><a href="javascript:void(0)">Contract Law</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >Business, Not Morality</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/2007/12/3/15e-what-are-contracts-all-about.html" title="What are Contracts All About?">About business, not morality</a><span class="qmtitle" >How to Steal Expectations</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/category/contracts-primacy-of-the-writing" title="The Primacy of the Writing: How Lawyers Steal Your Expectations">Primacy of the writing</a><span class="qmtitle" >The True Purpose of the Rules</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/category/contracts-suing-prom-dates" title="The Politics of the Remedy: Suing Prom Dates for Breach of Contract">Suing your prom date</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Tort Culture</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >Big Money May Exist</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/category/torts-damages" title="Understanding Tort Damages (pain and suffering, emotional distress, punitives, etc.)">Understanding how damages work</a><span class="qmtitle" >How Lawyers Invent Liability</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/category/torts-how-to-invent-liability" title="How Lawyers Invent Liability">How lawyers do it</a><span class="qmtitle" >How The Transaction Works</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/2007/12/4/19h-inside-information-who-gets-the-money-and-how-lawyers-th.html" title="Inside information -- Who Gets the Money and How Lawyers Think About Liability">The fee contract and office talk</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/2007/12/4/20d-the-injury-game-from-an-inside-perspective-what-the-lawy.html" title="The Injury Game From an Inside Perspective -- What the Lawyers do, and Why">Secrets from the inside</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Marriage/Divorce</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >Getting Some Perspective</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/category/family-law-getting-perspective-about-mar" title="(the history of marriage, high rate of divorce, etc.)">The essence and history of marriage</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/category/family-law-love-as-a-chemical-brain-stat" title="(explores brain science evidence and some anthropological evidence for purposes of suggesting a theory about why species become attracted)">Love is a temporary chemical brain state</a><span class="qmtitle" >The Politics of Money</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/category/family-law-equitable-distribution" title="Sharing Assets and Liabilities: an Introduction to Equitable Distribution">What has to be shared?</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/category/family-law-equitable-distribution-term-o" title="Equitable Distribution -- The Game of When the Sharing Ends">When does sharing start and end?</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/category/family-law-alimony" title="An Introduction to Alimony (what it is, grounds for, etc.">How does alimony work?</a><span class="qmtitle" >The Politics of Children</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/category/family-law-custody" title="The Politics of Children -- How \'Custody\' Takes Children Away From (Usually Male) Parents">How "custody" works</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/category/family-law-child-support" title="The Politics of Family Transfer Payments -- Are the Incentives Proper?">How child support works</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/category/family-law-shared-parenting-and-encourag" title="Shared Parenting and Fatherhood: How to Reform Custody and Support Laws so That Divorce is Fair to Men.">A better idea: shared parenting</a><span class="qmtitle" >The Dreaded Transaction</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/lawproclectures/category/family-law-an-insiders-perpective" title="The Nature of the Divorce Transaction -- An Insider\'s Perspective">an Insider\'s perpective</a></div><span class="qmtitle" >CULTURE</span><a href="javascript:void(0)">Academia</a><div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/academia-what-the-60s-generation-did-to" title="(sent to an email group">What the 60s generation did to academia</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/constitutional-law-suspension-clause-com" title="(sent to an email group)">Liberal legal culture\'s suspension-and-commerce-clause rhetoric</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Equality and Culture</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >Racism As Social Distance</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/rights-lectures/category/race-transformation-of-attitudes-in-the" title="The Ice Begins to Thaw: Race and Social Transformation in the 1900s">Cultural Transformation, Race &amp; Law</a><span class="qmtitle" >How Rights Movements Progress</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/rights-lectures/category/race-civil-rights-policy-analysis" title="Policy Analysis: How Civil Rights Policy Change Happened Over Time">Race: Two steps up, one step back</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/rights-lectures/category/gender-policy-analysis" title="Policy Analysis: Theorizing How Gender Fairness Changed Over Time">Gender: slow, but less tumultuous?</a><span class="qmtitle" >America The Melting Pot?</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/rights-lectures/category/melting-pot-american-absorption-of-ident" title="America the Melting Pot? An Interesting Parodox.">Is America a "melting pot?"</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Gender</a><div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/rights-lectures/13e-the-central-problem-is-gender-special-or-irrelevant.html" title="The Central Problem: Is Gender Special or Irrelevant?">Is gender special or irrelevant</a></div><span class="qmtitle" >PRESIDENCY</span><a href="javascript:void(0)">Presidential Power</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >Dog on the Chain</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/structuring-executive-authority-the-inte" title="\'The Dog on the Chain\' -- The Architectural Compromise in Executive Design">The interesting compromise -- "the dog on the chain"</a><span class="qmtitle" >Three Eras of Development</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/conlaw1/category/presidential-power-epochs-introduction" title="Introduction: There Are Three Distinct Epochs in the History of the Construction of Presidential Power in American Government">There are three epochs of power</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/conlaw1/category/presidential-power-epoch-i-the-framers-p" title="Epoch I in the Hisotry of Executive Power -- The Framer\'s Presidency: A Race Car Without an Engine?">Epoch I (the framer\'s presidency)</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/conlaw1/category/presidential-power-epoch-ii-the-american" title="Epoch II in the History of Executive Power -- The Age of the American Caesar">Epoch II (the American Caesar?)</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/conlaw1/category/presidential-power-epoch-iii-reigning-in" title="Epoch III in the History of Executive Power -- Liberal Legal Culture Reigns in the President\'s Emergency Prerogatives">Epoch III (reigning in Caesar)</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/conlaw1/category/presidential-power-liberal-legal-culture" title="Class Discussion: Does Liberal Legal Culture Represent a Threat to Article II Constitutionalism? Are Article I Powers More Legitimate Than Article II Powers?">Is liberal legal culture threatening Article II??</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">War Powers</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >Starting War</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/conlaw1/category/presidential-power-starting-war" title="So Who Really Has The Power To Start War Anyhow? Do Presidents Abuse Their Shooting Capacity? Is the War Powers Act Constitutional?">Who really has the power?</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Modern Presidency</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >What It All Means</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/fdr-how-new-deal-ideology-changed-the-pr" title="How New-Deal Ideology Changed the Presidency">Transformation of the presidency</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/fdr-the-modern-presidency-as-new-deal-id" title="The Modern Presidency is Nothing But New Deal Ideology">The modern presidency arrives</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Is Congress Lame?</a><div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/congress-budgeting-and-failure" title="Congress and the Budget -- An Appaling Tale of the Failure of Leadership">Budgeting and failure in leadership</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/congress-legislative-veto" title="More Congressional Failure -- The Legislative Veto">The legislative veto</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/congress-can-it-ever-lead-again" title="Can Congress Ever Be the Leader Again?">Can Congress ever lead again?</a></div><span class="qmtitle" >PRESIDENTS</span><a href="javascript:void(0)">George Washington</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >What Do You Want To Know?</span><a href="javascript:void(0)">Introduction</a><div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/washington-and-nationhood-why-study-wash" title="Why Study Washington and Historical Presidents?">Why study Washington?</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/washington-and-nationhood-washington-the" title="An Introduction to Washington (the person)">Washington the person</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">French/Indian War</a><div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/frenchindian-war-the-ohio-country" title="The \'Ohio Country:\' France v. Great Britain">The Ohio Country</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/frenchindian-war-the-early-journeys-to-w" title="Washington\'s Early Journeys to Western Pennsylvania">The early journeys to western PA</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/frenchindian-war-the-braddock-campaign" title="Washington and the Braddock Campaign (Braddock is slaughtered and Washington survives the battle, his stature once again elevated)">The Braddock campaign</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/washington-and-nationhood-the-virginia-b" title="Washington and the \'Virginia Blues\' (the creation of a disciplined \'special-ops\' militia force in Virginia">The "Virginia Blues"</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/frenchindian-war-the-forbes-campaign" title="Washington and the Forbes Campaign (Forbes takes Washington\'s key advice, and they win easily)">The Forbes campaign</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">American Revolution</a><div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/revolutionary-war-pre-game-show" title="The Pregame Show: How Could Part-Time Farmers Defeat the British Empire?">David prepares for Goliath</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/revolutionary-war-the-1st-quarter" title="The First Quarter: Mistakes, Confrontation, Surprise and Retreat">Beaten, defeated and still attacking</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/revolutionary-war-the-2nd-quarter" title="The Second Quarter: Saratoga and the French">Saratoga, the French and asymmetrical warfare</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/revolutionary-war-the-3rd-quarter" title="The Third Quarter: Cold Winters, Mutinies and Despair for the Revolutionary Cause">Harsh winters, better troops &amp; mutanites</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/revolutionary-war-the-4th-quarter" title="The Fourth Quarter: America\'s Accidental Victory Against Britain">The strange "victory"</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Building American Nationhood</a><div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/2007/10/2/05i-the-newburg-conspiracy-washington-rejects-the-american-t.html" title="The Newburg Conspiracy: Washington Rejects the American Throne">The Newburg Conspiracy</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/washingtons-presidency" title="Washington\'s Presidency: Leading by Example">Washington\'s presidency</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/washington-national-tour" title="Building Nationhood: Washington and the National Tour">The National Tour</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Race and Slavery</a><div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/washington-and-race" title="Washington and Race: Redemption and Virtue at Mount Vernon">Washington redeems himself?</a></div></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Thomas Jefferson</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >History or Myth?</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/jefferson-the-person-the-myth" title="History Versus Myth: An Introduction to Jefferson">Jefferson the person &amp; the myth</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/jefferson-summary" title="(summary of the lectures)">Jefferson -- a summary</a><span class="qmtitle" >Ideology and Failures</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/jefferson-his-outlandish-views" title="Jefferson\'s Fixatious Views: Women, Crime, Race, Indians and More">His outlandish views</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/jeffersons-failures" title="Jefferson\'s Failures: Finance, Farming, Plagiarism & Protecting Virginia">His many failures</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/jefferson-his-ideology" title="Jefferson the Ideologue: A Virtuous Agrarian Slave Republic Forever?">"Agrarian Ideology"</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/jefferson-formation-of-politic" title="Jefferson the Partisan: The Formation of Political Parties">Formation of political parties</a><span class="qmtitle" >His Presidency</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/jefferson-the-presidency" title="Jefferson the President: Federal Power, Success & Failure">His presidency</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Andrew Jackson</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >The Person</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/andrew-jackson-the-person" title="Andrew Jackson the Person: The Making of Old Hickery">The person</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/andrew-jackson-war-hero" title="Andrew Jackson the War Hero">The war hero</a><span class="qmtitle" >His Presidency</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/andrew-jackson-agrarian-ideolo" title="Jackson Becomes President: America\'s Second Ascension of Agrarian Ideology">"Agrarian ideology" wins again</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/andrew-jackson-presidency">Jackson\'s administration</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Teddy Roosevelt</a><div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/theodore-roosevelt-the-person" title="Theodore Roosevelt: The Enthused, Courageous & Ethnocentric Reformer">The person</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/theodore-roosevelt-the-preside" title="America\'s First Progressive: Theodore Roosevelt, the Bully Pulpit & the Square Deal">The presidency </a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Woodrow Wilson</a><div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/woodrow-wilson-the-person" title="Woodrow Wilson: The Accidental Progressive and \'Southern Gentleman\'">The person</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/woodrow-wilson-presidency" title="The Democrats Become Progressive: The Presidency of Woodrow Wilson">The presidency</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Franklin Roosevelt</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >Background</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/roaring-20s-conservative-presi" title="The Calm Before the Storm: Conservative Presidents and Laissez Faire">Roaring 20s &amp; laissez faire</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/the-great-depression" title="Capitalism Finally Breaks: The Great Depression">The Great Depression</a><span class="qmtitle" >FDR the Person</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/franklin-roosevelt-the-person" title="\'A Christian and a Democrat:\' An Introduction to Franklin Roosevelt">Franklin Roosevelt -- The person</a><span class="qmtitle" >The FDR Presidency</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/fdr-the-new-deal-and-its-domin" title="The New American Hegemony: FDR and the New Deal">The New Deal dominates American politics</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/fdr-secondthird-and-fourth-ter" title="FDR -- The Second, Third and Fourth Terms">FDR after the first term</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/fdr-helping-britain-getting-in" title="Helping Britain: How FDR Cleverly Positioned America Toward Entering World War II">Helping Britain and getting into war</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/fdr-conlcuding-thoughts" title="(mostly, stuff I forgot to include in the other lectures!)">FDR -- conlcuding thoughts</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">John Kennedy</a><div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/2007/11/10/13d-john-fitzgerald-kennedy-an-introduction.html" title="(the person, the war hero, camelot, etc.)">Introduction to John Fitzgerald Kennedy</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/poll-numbers-john-kennedy" title="The Presidency and Poll Numbers of John Fitzgerald Kennedy">Poll numbers</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Lyndon Johnson</a><div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/poll-numbers-lyndon-johnson" title="The Presidency and Poll Numbers of Lyndon Johnson">Lyndon Johnson</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Richard Nixon</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >The Person</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/nixon-introduction" title="Psychology, Drama, Pragmatism and Ideology -- An Introduction to Richard Milhouse Nixon">A complicated psychology</a><span class="qmtitle" >The President</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/nixon-domestic-presidency" title="Nixon\'s Domestic Presidency -- Where Did the Ideologue Go?">His domestic presidency</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/nixon-foreign-policy" title="Nixon and Foreign Policy -- His Greatest Accomplishments?">Foreign-policy presidency(1)</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/poll-numbers-richard-nixon" title="The Presidency and Poll Numbers of Richard Nixon">Poll numbers</a><span class="qmtitle" >Watergate</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/nixon-watergate" title="Nixon and Watergate -- an American Political Drama">The Watergate Scandal</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/nixon-what-watergate-really-was" title="What Watergate Really Was -- Powerholders Subverting Democracy and Dissent">What Watergate really Was</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0)">Clinton v. Reagan</a><div><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/poll-numbers-reagan" title="The Presidency and Poll Numbers of Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/poll-numbers-clinton" title="The Presideny and Poll Numbers of Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></div><span class="qmtitle" >ABOUT ME</span><a href="javascript:void(0);">Diary</a><div><span class="qmtitle" >Father and Daughter</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/diary-jam-session-father-and-jocelyn-the">Guitar jam session (first ever!)</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/diary-jocelyns-new-guitar">Jocelyn\'s new guitar</a><span class="qmtitle" >Music</span><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/home/category/diary-ted-mccloskey-and-hi-fis">Ted McCloskey and Hi-Fi\'s</a></div><a href="javascript:void(0);">Teaching Philosophy</a><div><a href="javascript:void(0)" title="NOT READY YET">Most Recent Job Statement</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/web-lectures/" title="Explains how I invented these things and what they are">My web lectures</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/supremes/category/course-introduction-slide-methodology" title="How I Use Slides, Why, and How You Should Take Notes">My slide methodology</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/course-introduction-how-i-approach-polit" title="(use history and philosophy to develop the subject matter \'political science\' is not its own \'science\')">Use history and philosophy</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/conlaw1/category/course-introduction-teaching-philosophy" title="My Teaching Approach in the Class -- Developmentalism, Philosophy, but Never Law for its Own Sake">Never teach law for its own sake</a><a href="http://ludwig.squarespace.com/presidency-lectures/category/course-introduction-my-teaching-philosop" title="(a whole host of views about what college is supposed to be like. Really is a bit of a rant. Was given for to first and second year students in a lower level class. It was my attempt to battle certain challenges that I sometimes face teaching this generation of students)">What college should be about</a></div><span class="qmtitle" >NAVIGATION</span><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0)">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0)">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0)">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0)">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0)">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0)">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0)">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0)">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><a href="javascript:void(0);">Coming soon</a><span class="qmclear">&nbsp;</span></div><script type="text/javascript">qm_create(2,true,0,500,\'lev2\',false,false,false,false);</script>');